Post-allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HSCT) erythrocytosis is a rare phenomenon mostly seen in cases of aplastic anemia. It is a well-known complication in renal transplant recipients. Clinical evaluation, serum EPO level, and JAK2 mutation is important to differentiate primary and secondary erythrocytosis. Treatment aims at normalizing the physicochemical and laboratory parameters and minimizing thromboembolic complications. The majority of the patients had a favorable outcome with phlebotomies and low-dose aspirin. We report a rare case of post-allo-HSCT erythrocytosis in a patient who underwent related allo-HSCT for acute myeloid leukemia.

Sherry Abraham has completed his postgraduate training in Radiation Oncology from the reputed Government Medical College in Kerala and superspeciality training in Medical Oncology from the Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India. He has several publications to his credit and is currently working as a Consultant Medical Oncologist at Ananthapuri Hospitals and Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram.